Internet Error Codes:-
Here are the most common codes and messages you're likely to see on your Web browser (HTTP), when accessing Usenet, using e-mail, or using the FTP protocol to upload or download files.
The codes can generally by grouped as follows -
100-199 - Information Codes. Provide information about the request or the servers involved.
200-299 - Success Codes. Indicate that the request was accepted or the requested file has no content (empty).
300-399 - Redirects. Requested content has moved.
400-499 - Client Errors. Cannot find content or you don't have the correct permissions to access it.
500-599 - Server Errors. There is a problem at the server end stopping the request from completing successfully.
To give you a greater understanding of these errors, here is a list of the most popular codes.
As a rule of thumb, the first thing you should if you get an error is make sure that you have typed in the URL or page address correctly.
Read on........
Showing posts with label PC Tips. Show all posts
Showing posts with label PC Tips. Show all posts
Wednesday, September 23, 2009
14 Usefull Tips For Windows Xp
Back Up Your Bookmarks
During your many Internet journeys, you have probably collected countless
bookmarks that can whisk you away to your favorite websites with one click of the mouse. If your bookmarks are erased, you’ll probably have a difficult time finding your way back to some of those sites, so don’t take any chances—bacKup your bookmarks today. Follow these steps:
1. Open Internet Explorer.
2. Click the File drop-down menu.
3. Select Import and Export.
4. The Import/Export Wizard opens. Click the Next button.
5. Select Export Favorites, and then click the Next button.
6. To export all of your bookmark folders, click the Next button.To
export only one folder, click its name, and then click Next.
7. Under the Export to a File or Address heading, click the Browse
button.
8. A window opens that allows you to choose the location on your
computer where your bookmarks will be saved. Click the Save In
drop-down menu, and then select a drive or folder.
9. In the box labeled File Name, type a name for your backed-up book-
marks, such as My Bookmarks or Exported Bookmarks.
10. Click the Save button.
11. You are returned to the previous window. Click the Next button.
12. Click the Finish button.
13. Use a backup device like a CD or DVD burner to save a copy of your
exported bookmarks.
Read On To Know More........
During your many Internet journeys, you have probably collected countless
bookmarks that can whisk you away to your favorite websites with one click of the mouse. If your bookmarks are erased, you’ll probably have a difficult time finding your way back to some of those sites, so don’t take any chances—bacKup your bookmarks today. Follow these steps:
1. Open Internet Explorer.
2. Click the File drop-down menu.
3. Select Import and Export.
4. The Import/Export Wizard opens. Click the Next button.
5. Select Export Favorites, and then click the Next button.
6. To export all of your bookmark folders, click the Next button.To
export only one folder, click its name, and then click Next.
7. Under the Export to a File or Address heading, click the Browse
button.
8. A window opens that allows you to choose the location on your
computer where your bookmarks will be saved. Click the Save In
drop-down menu, and then select a drive or folder.
9. In the box labeled File Name, type a name for your backed-up book-
marks, such as My Bookmarks or Exported Bookmarks.
10. Click the Save button.
11. You are returned to the previous window. Click the Next button.
12. Click the Finish button.
13. Use a backup device like a CD or DVD burner to save a copy of your
exported bookmarks.
Read On To Know More........
5 Windows Tweaks That Do NOT Work
Information that are added on the Internet hardly ever go away which is highly problematic if the information is not correct. It becomes even more disturbing in sectors where everyone can have his say and it is not really a secret that most PC users have their list of recommended tweaks for Windows.
It?s fairly interesting that some of the tweaks that do not work have made it into tweaking applications and that new Windows tweaker sometimes contain these as well. Not working means that they either have no positive effect on the system or are even hurting performance or the system in general.
The following list contains 5 Windows tweaks that are fairly popular on the Internet but are proven to have no positive effect on the computer.
It?s fairly interesting that some of the tweaks that do not work have made it into tweaking applications and that new Windows tweaker sometimes contain these as well. Not working means that they either have no positive effect on the system or are even hurting performance or the system in general.
The following list contains 5 Windows tweaks that are fairly popular on the Internet but are proven to have no positive effect on the computer.
Hole in Notepad
Pretty old but maybe new to someone else...
1. Open Notepad
2. Type the text "this app can break" (without quotes)
3. Save the file
4. Re-open the file in Notepad
Notepad displays seemingly-random Chinese characters, or boxes if your default Notepad font doesn't support those characters.
1. Open Notepad
2. Type the text "this app can break" (without quotes)
3. Save the file
4. Re-open the file in Notepad
Notepad displays seemingly-random Chinese characters, or boxes if your default Notepad font doesn't support those characters.
Speed up your system, Make your system lightning fast
1. Reset the icon cache
1. Delete IconCache.db from your profile directory (usually C:/documents and settings/username/local settings/application data)
Windows will automatically recreate it
Use this if you're experiencing lag as you browse through your start menu or your desktop icons dissapear and reappear regularly
2. Turn off the indexing service
1. Go to start, click run, and type in services.msc and hit enter. right click indexing service, click properties, and set startup type to manual.
Windows indexes all of your files - useless if you don't use the search tool that often + google desktop works much better than windows search
3. Reduce menu delay
1. Go to run, type in regedit, find hkey_current_user\control panel\desktop and select MenuShowDelay. right click it and select modify and set the number to around 100 or so, or a number that suits your tastes.
Windows actually controls how fast or slow menus load, why not speed it up?
4. Speed up shutting down
First, Open up regedit using Run from the control panel
1. Change HKEY_CURRENT_USER\CONTROL PANEL\DESKTOP\WaitToKillAppTimeout from 20000 to 1000
2. Change HKEY_CURRENT_USER\CONTROL PANEL\DESKTOP\HungAppTimeout from 5000 to 1000
3. Change HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CURRENTCONTROLSET\CONTRO L\WaitToKillServiceTimeout from 20000 to 1000
4. Change HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\CONTROL PANEL\DESKTOP\WaitToKillAppTimeout from 20000 to 1000
This reduces the time window waits before killing apps that are not responding - you'd just close them normally anyway.
5. Convert FAT32 volumes to NTFS (Hard Drives)
NTFS is faster, more secure, and is more stable.
Steps:
1. Back up the drive's data
2. Click start and Run, type cmd and press enter to open a command prompt window
3. Type vol c: and press enter to find and note the volume label of partition.
(This assumes you're converting the C drive, replace it with the correct letter if you're converting another drive)
4. Type convert c: /fs:ntfs and press enter
5. When prompted, enter the volume you noted in step 3
6. Answer "Y" to the remaining question. The system will reboot and convert the volume.
The first reboot after conversion might take longer than usual, but this will only happen once.
6. Disable redundant 8.3 file names
1. Open regedit again
2. Set HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CURRENTCONTROLSET\CONTRO L\FILESYSTEM\NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreatrion to 1 and restart
8.3 filenames are only used by DOS and '95 programs. if you don't have 'em, get rid of the filenames.
7. Speed up searching by disabling ZIP file searching
1. Click start, open run, type in cmd and hit enter.
2. Type in "regsvr32c:\windows\system32\zipflrd.dll /u" and press enter. To re-enable. simply retype it without the "/u"
Searching zip files can take forever, so if you don't need it, don't use it.
1. Delete IconCache.db from your profile directory (usually C:/documents and settings/username/local settings/application data)
Windows will automatically recreate it
Use this if you're experiencing lag as you browse through your start menu or your desktop icons dissapear and reappear regularly
2. Turn off the indexing service
1. Go to start, click run, and type in services.msc and hit enter. right click indexing service, click properties, and set startup type to manual.
Windows indexes all of your files - useless if you don't use the search tool that often + google desktop works much better than windows search
3. Reduce menu delay
1. Go to run, type in regedit, find hkey_current_user\control panel\desktop and select MenuShowDelay. right click it and select modify and set the number to around 100 or so, or a number that suits your tastes.
Windows actually controls how fast or slow menus load, why not speed it up?
4. Speed up shutting down
First, Open up regedit using Run from the control panel
1. Change HKEY_CURRENT_USER\CONTROL PANEL\DESKTOP\WaitToKillAppTimeout from 20000 to 1000
2. Change HKEY_CURRENT_USER\CONTROL PANEL\DESKTOP\HungAppTimeout from 5000 to 1000
3. Change HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CURRENTCONTROLSET\CONTRO L\WaitToKillServiceTimeout from 20000 to 1000
4. Change HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\CONTROL PANEL\DESKTOP\WaitToKillAppTimeout from 20000 to 1000
This reduces the time window waits before killing apps that are not responding - you'd just close them normally anyway.
5. Convert FAT32 volumes to NTFS (Hard Drives)
NTFS is faster, more secure, and is more stable.
Steps:
1. Back up the drive's data
2. Click start and Run, type cmd and press enter to open a command prompt window
3. Type vol c: and press enter to find and note the volume label of partition.
(This assumes you're converting the C drive, replace it with the correct letter if you're converting another drive)
4. Type convert c: /fs:ntfs and press enter
5. When prompted, enter the volume you noted in step 3
6. Answer "Y" to the remaining question. The system will reboot and convert the volume.
The first reboot after conversion might take longer than usual, but this will only happen once.
6. Disable redundant 8.3 file names
1. Open regedit again
2. Set HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CURRENTCONTROLSET\CONTRO L\FILESYSTEM\NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreatrion to 1 and restart
8.3 filenames are only used by DOS and '95 programs. if you don't have 'em, get rid of the filenames.
7. Speed up searching by disabling ZIP file searching
1. Click start, open run, type in cmd and hit enter.
2. Type in "regsvr32c:\windows\system32\zipflrd.dll /u" and press enter. To re-enable. simply retype it without the "/u"
Searching zip files can take forever, so if you don't need it, don't use it.
Tuesday, September 22, 2009
- Huge Chunk of Ways to make XP Boot Faster -
Whenever you start your computer, you are faced with a few moments of thumb twiddling while Windows XP boots and prompts you to log on. Although you should expect to wait for a few moments, sometimes Windows XP seems to boot rather slowly. In fact, you may notice that over a period of time the PC that used to roar to life seems a bit sluggish instead. Fortunately, you can perform several techniques that help Windows XP get the bootup speed you want. This chapter explores how to put these techniques to work.
- 100 keyboard shortcuts -
CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
DELETE (Delete)
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
TAB (Move forward through the options)
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
m*cro$oft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
UP ARROW (Move up one row)
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
END (Move to the end of the line)
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
m*cro$oft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
CTRL+N (Open a new console)
CTRL+S (Save the open console)
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
CTRL+W (Open a new window)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
ALT+F4 (Close the console)
ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
ALT+V (Display the View menu)
ALT+F (Display the File menu)
ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+ALT+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
m*cro$oft Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
DELETE (Delete)
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
TAB (Move forward through the options)
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
m*cro$oft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
UP ARROW (Move up one row)
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
END (Move to the end of the line)
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
m*cro$oft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
CTRL+N (Open a new console)
CTRL+S (Save the open console)
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
CTRL+W (Open a new window)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
ALT+F4 (Close the console)
ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
ALT+V (Display the View menu)
ALT+F (Display the File menu)
ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+ALT+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
m*cro$oft Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)
- HIDDEN PROGRAMS OF WINDOWS -
1- Private Character Editor
This program is for designing icons and Characters(Alphapet)
Click :start
Then :run
type :EUDCEDIT
...
This program is for designing icons and Characters(Alphapet)
Click :start
Then :run
type :EUDCEDIT
...
- Reasons On Why PC Crashes -
Here are some reasons why PCs crash
Fatal error:
The system has become unstable or is busy," it says. "Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications."
You have just been struck by the Blue Screen of Death. Anyone who uses Mcft Windows will be familiar with this. What can you do? More importantly, how can you prevent it happening?
Fatal error:
The system has become unstable or is busy," it says. "Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications."
You have just been struck by the Blue Screen of Death. Anyone who uses Mcft Windows will be familiar with this. What can you do? More importantly, how can you prevent it happening?
Sunday, September 13, 2009
PC Runnig Slow??
Or at least, slower than normal? Don't quite know what's wrong?
OK, let's see if we can help. Most people immediately think "Malware"
at this point. But that's not always the case. Yes, some malware does
indeed slow down your system and use up precious resources. But there
are other possible causes as well, so let's explore some of these, and
look at some ideas to help.
Is your PC clean?
And by that I mean – is it free from dust and dirt? Dust and dirt
builds up inside a computer and this can affect your cooling fans,
reducing the amount of airflow. Reduced airflow can cause your
processor to overheat resulting in slow operation or even unexpected
shutdowns. Many of today's processors have the ability to "throttle
back" (slow down) if the core temperature reaches a certain threshold.
Cleaning the inside of your system is relatively easy – you just need
to take some sensible precautions. A useful guide to PC cleaning can
be found here
Clear out your Temp files.
Why? Well temp files can build up over time and eat into your precious
disk space. When you install programmes, the installer uses temp
(temporary) files as part of the set up process. Some programmes also
use temp files when in use. These temp files should be removed when
the installer or programme is finished, but this does not always
happen. And, of course, your browser will collect temp files as well.
A build up of temp files could leave Windows struggling to find room
for its swap file (see below) – so everything slows down.
How do you clean out temp files? There are two easy ways – manually or
by using a proprietary cleaning programme. Note that the cleaning
programmes will often offer the option to clear out Temporary files
created by your browser.
Manually (XP & Vista) – Firstly, exit all programmes, including
browsers and AVs. Go to Start > Run and type %Temp% in the Run box and
click OK. A folder will appear – it will contain temp files and temp
folders. If you want to delete everything, press Ctrl+A (to select
all) and then press the delete key. If you want to keep any files then
hold down the Ctrl key and left click the file or folder. Then press
the delete key. Click OK to confirm deletion. Once done, remember to
go to your Recycle Bin and empty the bin.
Cleaning Programmes – there are various such programmes available for
free. Among the best are
ATF Cleaner
CCleaner
Cleanup!
Don't forget XP does have it's own utility for cleaning – it can be
found via Start > All Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Disk
Cleanup.
Any old programmes?
Do you still have some old programmes installed? When did you last use
them? Remember that 'trial' software you installed? Has the trial
period expired? Could you perhaps uninstall it (assuming you have the
original installation disks)? Uninstalling such programmes will help
free vital disk space. Oh, always re-boot after uninstalling – it
helps to clear away the final remnants of an uninstalled programme.
Are you using unnecessary programmes?
By this I mean some of the numerous "enhancement" programmes
available, that, while they may make your desktop look terribly
exciting, are actually eating up precious resources. Things like third
party screensavers and fancy wallpapers, Windows Taskbar replacements,
WindowBlinds, Actual Transparent Window, XP Visual Styles, Stardock
Theme Manager and so on. Nothing wrong with using them – they are all
respected legitimate applications – but they may be contributing
towards the slow down of your system.
Reduce the number of programmes loading at start
up
Many applications insist on starting either the complete programme or
a component of the programme whenever Windows starts. Many of these
start ups are unnecessary and can be stopped. A good way to review the
number of start up programmes is by using a start up manager utility,
such as Spybot 1.5, StartUpLite or Autoruns. In Spybot, you'll need to
click Mode > Advanced to ensure you have access to the Tools section,
then select System Startup in the left pane. A list of programmes that
start when you boot up will be displayed in the right pane. You simply
uncheck the ones you don't need.
StartUpLite is very easy – just download the small file and double
click StartUpLite.exe. A box appears showing programmes that don't
need to startup at boot. Choose whichever options you prefer and click
Continue.
Autoruns gives you similar information, although presented in a
slightly different way, and with more detail. Again, you simply
uncheck a box beside the entry you wish to disable.
Remember to research a start up if you are not sure what it is – some
of the entries that may appear and which can safely be disabled are
things like Update Schedule entries for Adobe Acrobat, Sun Java,
QuickTime and so on. If in doubt, post in our Forums, choosing the
Forum that's relevant to your Operating System. Alternatively, you can
check Startup items
here.
Note: You should NOT use MSConfig to permanently disable programmes
from automatically starting at boot up. This utility is meant as a
trouble-shooter – not a long term solution. If you uninstall a
programme that has already been disabled using MSConfig, then it's
likely there will be orphaned Registry entries left behind. These
could cause potential problems when trying to start your system. Use
one of the start up managers mentioned above.
Do you have enough RAM?
Lack of memory can be a real issue, especially with today's high
performance machines and Operating Systems (OS). If you're using
Windows (and let's face it, most of us are) then you need to ensure
you have the appropriate amount of RAM for your system. Microsoft list
"minimum requirements" with each OS – but they are in the business of
selling software. That's why their "minimum requirements" are always
at the lower end of the scale. There are numerous sites around that
will advise you need "x" amount for XP and "y" amount for Vista. As a
general rule, Vista works well with 2GB and XP with 1GB. You can use
more, of course, but as a minimum these figures are accurate.
If you don't have very much RAM, what happens? Well, Windows loads
programmes into memory to allow fast access. When it has no more
memory left, it will start using your hard disk. This is much slower
than using RAM, so your programmes will appear to run more slowly. The
part of the hard disk used by Windows is called a swap file. So, a
lack of RAM can also eat into your hard disk space as well.
RAM is not terribly expensive at the moment, so it makes sense to
upgrade. You can find out what type of RAM you need by downloading
PCWizard – a system analyser (it's free!) or going to one of the
manufacturer's sites such as Crucial and using their memory advisor
tool. Once you know the type of RAM you need, there are plenty of
online stores to choose from.
Defrag your hard disk
Over a period of time, data written to your hard disk becomes
fragmented or scattered all over the disk. This makes it harder for
the system to find the data it needs. By defragging your disk, or
putting the data in a more logical sequence, your system performance
will improve. NOTE: Windows will not let you defrag a drive if there
is less than 15% free space available. Keep an eye on your free space!
You could use a defragging utility such as Sysinternals PageDefrag –
this is free and easy to use.
What about my swap file?
You can change the settings on your swap file to allow Windows to have
more disk space to play with. This disk space is also known as Virtual
Memory. For a 32 bit Operating System (which most users will have) set
any amount up to a maximum of 4Gb. Try and at least match the amount
of RAM in your system. Of course, you will need to have enough free
disk space for this swap file.
Something else to consider is that the swap file should not be
fragmented in order to obtain the best results. This can be done by
selecting 'No swap file', rebooting (you have to do this, to apply the
changes), defragging the drive and then resetting the swap file to a
size of your choosing. The swap file will now be an area of the
maximum contiguous (uninterrupted) free space – and therefore optimum
performance.
Note: When choosing a value it is often suggested to set a static size
swap file – set the Initial and Maximum amounts to the same value.
This saves Windows from using resources to manage a dynamic swap file.
Does your hard disk contain errors?
A hard disk will not last forever. Even a new hard disk can have
problems. However, many problems can be fixed, simply by running a
Windows utility called ChkDsk. This will scan your hard disk and
repair any file system errors while verifying the integrity of the
drive. Guides from Microsoft on using ChkDsk can be found
Do your System Files contain errors?
Sometimes critical system files may become damaged or corrupt. This
will obviously affect your computer's performance. However, Windows
has the ability to replace any damaged files on its own – this
facility is called Windows File Protection. It can be started manually
by typing a simple command into the Run box - sfc /scannow. This
command immediately starts the Windows File Protection utility and it
then checks and scans all system files to ensure their integrity.
For users with a pre-installed version of XP, sfc may ask you for your
Windows CD in order to copy the relevant files. If you don't have a
Windows CD or if sfc cannot find the files it needs, please refer to
Marc Liron's article below.
For users who installed Service Pack 2 for XP by downloading from the
internet, sfc may ask you for an XP SP2 CD – which you won't have. You
may need to create a slipstreamed CD to ensure sfc works correctly.
Slipstreaming is simply a way of incorporating SP2 into your Windows
installation – you create a new disk with Windows and SP2 all in one.
Guides to slipstreaming can be found
here.,
and a useful programme called Autostreamer, which does most of the
work for you, can be downloaded
here.
Stopping unnecessary services
Windows generally comes with a raft of running services, many of which
are not really required. You can safely stop some of these services
and improve the boot time and speed of your system. Many installed
programmes make themselves start up as soon as you boot the PC. They
just run in the background, even although you don't actually use them.
Usually these programmes can be stopped from automatically loading –
if you need to start them, you can do this manually.
Driver/Device Conflicts
Are all your hardware drivers up to date? Using an out of date driver
could cause hardware conflicts and crash your system. Have a look at
Microsoft's suggestions on troubleshooting driver/device conflicts
here.
Internet Explorer
IE 7 includes a phishing filter – very useful indeed. But it can slow
down your browsing as the filter checks each web page. Have a look at
Microsoft's suggestions on this
here.
Anti Virus Programmes
Never use more than one Anti Virus. Although it might sound like a
great idea to run two or more, in reality it's not. AVs usually have a
'real time' monitor that helps protect your system. This monitor will
want to have a look at any file that changes or has been added to the
system. If you have 2 AVs then every time one looks at a file, the
other AV will think that file has changed so it will want to take a
look as well. Now the second AV thinks that file has changed so it
wants another look. So, of course, the first AV thinks that file has
changed….you get the idea. You could end up with an unstable system, a
really slow system or unexplained crashes.
And finally…
Having done all your tweaks and clean ups, create a new System Restore
point – this gives you a 'fall back' position with all your new
changes.
OK, let's see if we can help. Most people immediately think "Malware"
at this point. But that's not always the case. Yes, some malware does
indeed slow down your system and use up precious resources. But there
are other possible causes as well, so let's explore some of these, and
look at some ideas to help.
Is your PC clean?
And by that I mean – is it free from dust and dirt? Dust and dirt
builds up inside a computer and this can affect your cooling fans,
reducing the amount of airflow. Reduced airflow can cause your
processor to overheat resulting in slow operation or even unexpected
shutdowns. Many of today's processors have the ability to "throttle
back" (slow down) if the core temperature reaches a certain threshold.
Cleaning the inside of your system is relatively easy – you just need
to take some sensible precautions. A useful guide to PC cleaning can
be found here
Clear out your Temp files.
Why? Well temp files can build up over time and eat into your precious
disk space. When you install programmes, the installer uses temp
(temporary) files as part of the set up process. Some programmes also
use temp files when in use. These temp files should be removed when
the installer or programme is finished, but this does not always
happen. And, of course, your browser will collect temp files as well.
A build up of temp files could leave Windows struggling to find room
for its swap file (see below) – so everything slows down.
How do you clean out temp files? There are two easy ways – manually or
by using a proprietary cleaning programme. Note that the cleaning
programmes will often offer the option to clear out Temporary files
created by your browser.
Manually (XP & Vista) – Firstly, exit all programmes, including
browsers and AVs. Go to Start > Run and type %Temp% in the Run box and
click OK. A folder will appear – it will contain temp files and temp
folders. If you want to delete everything, press Ctrl+A (to select
all) and then press the delete key. If you want to keep any files then
hold down the Ctrl key and left click the file or folder. Then press
the delete key. Click OK to confirm deletion. Once done, remember to
go to your Recycle Bin and empty the bin.
Cleaning Programmes – there are various such programmes available for
free. Among the best are
ATF Cleaner
CCleaner
Cleanup!
Don't forget XP does have it's own utility for cleaning – it can be
found via Start > All Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Disk
Cleanup.
Any old programmes?
Do you still have some old programmes installed? When did you last use
them? Remember that 'trial' software you installed? Has the trial
period expired? Could you perhaps uninstall it (assuming you have the
original installation disks)? Uninstalling such programmes will help
free vital disk space. Oh, always re-boot after uninstalling – it
helps to clear away the final remnants of an uninstalled programme.
Are you using unnecessary programmes?
By this I mean some of the numerous "enhancement" programmes
available, that, while they may make your desktop look terribly
exciting, are actually eating up precious resources. Things like third
party screensavers and fancy wallpapers, Windows Taskbar replacements,
WindowBlinds, Actual Transparent Window, XP Visual Styles, Stardock
Theme Manager and so on. Nothing wrong with using them – they are all
respected legitimate applications – but they may be contributing
towards the slow down of your system.
Reduce the number of programmes loading at start
up
Many applications insist on starting either the complete programme or
a component of the programme whenever Windows starts. Many of these
start ups are unnecessary and can be stopped. A good way to review the
number of start up programmes is by using a start up manager utility,
such as Spybot 1.5, StartUpLite or Autoruns. In Spybot, you'll need to
click Mode > Advanced to ensure you have access to the Tools section,
then select System Startup in the left pane. A list of programmes that
start when you boot up will be displayed in the right pane. You simply
uncheck the ones you don't need.
StartUpLite is very easy – just download the small file and double
click StartUpLite.exe. A box appears showing programmes that don't
need to startup at boot. Choose whichever options you prefer and click
Continue.
Autoruns gives you similar information, although presented in a
slightly different way, and with more detail. Again, you simply
uncheck a box beside the entry you wish to disable.
Remember to research a start up if you are not sure what it is – some
of the entries that may appear and which can safely be disabled are
things like Update Schedule entries for Adobe Acrobat, Sun Java,
QuickTime and so on. If in doubt, post in our Forums, choosing the
Forum that's relevant to your Operating System. Alternatively, you can
check Startup items
here.
Note: You should NOT use MSConfig to permanently disable programmes
from automatically starting at boot up. This utility is meant as a
trouble-shooter – not a long term solution. If you uninstall a
programme that has already been disabled using MSConfig, then it's
likely there will be orphaned Registry entries left behind. These
could cause potential problems when trying to start your system. Use
one of the start up managers mentioned above.
Do you have enough RAM?
Lack of memory can be a real issue, especially with today's high
performance machines and Operating Systems (OS). If you're using
Windows (and let's face it, most of us are) then you need to ensure
you have the appropriate amount of RAM for your system. Microsoft list
"minimum requirements" with each OS – but they are in the business of
selling software. That's why their "minimum requirements" are always
at the lower end of the scale. There are numerous sites around that
will advise you need "x" amount for XP and "y" amount for Vista. As a
general rule, Vista works well with 2GB and XP with 1GB. You can use
more, of course, but as a minimum these figures are accurate.
If you don't have very much RAM, what happens? Well, Windows loads
programmes into memory to allow fast access. When it has no more
memory left, it will start using your hard disk. This is much slower
than using RAM, so your programmes will appear to run more slowly. The
part of the hard disk used by Windows is called a swap file. So, a
lack of RAM can also eat into your hard disk space as well.
RAM is not terribly expensive at the moment, so it makes sense to
upgrade. You can find out what type of RAM you need by downloading
PCWizard – a system analyser (it's free!) or going to one of the
manufacturer's sites such as Crucial and using their memory advisor
tool. Once you know the type of RAM you need, there are plenty of
online stores to choose from.
Defrag your hard disk
Over a period of time, data written to your hard disk becomes
fragmented or scattered all over the disk. This makes it harder for
the system to find the data it needs. By defragging your disk, or
putting the data in a more logical sequence, your system performance
will improve. NOTE: Windows will not let you defrag a drive if there
is less than 15% free space available. Keep an eye on your free space!
You could use a defragging utility such as Sysinternals PageDefrag –
this is free and easy to use.
What about my swap file?
You can change the settings on your swap file to allow Windows to have
more disk space to play with. This disk space is also known as Virtual
Memory. For a 32 bit Operating System (which most users will have) set
any amount up to a maximum of 4Gb. Try and at least match the amount
of RAM in your system. Of course, you will need to have enough free
disk space for this swap file.
Something else to consider is that the swap file should not be
fragmented in order to obtain the best results. This can be done by
selecting 'No swap file', rebooting (you have to do this, to apply the
changes), defragging the drive and then resetting the swap file to a
size of your choosing. The swap file will now be an area of the
maximum contiguous (uninterrupted) free space – and therefore optimum
performance.
Note: When choosing a value it is often suggested to set a static size
swap file – set the Initial and Maximum amounts to the same value.
This saves Windows from using resources to manage a dynamic swap file.
Does your hard disk contain errors?
A hard disk will not last forever. Even a new hard disk can have
problems. However, many problems can be fixed, simply by running a
Windows utility called ChkDsk. This will scan your hard disk and
repair any file system errors while verifying the integrity of the
drive. Guides from Microsoft on using ChkDsk can be found
Do your System Files contain errors?
Sometimes critical system files may become damaged or corrupt. This
will obviously affect your computer's performance. However, Windows
has the ability to replace any damaged files on its own – this
facility is called Windows File Protection. It can be started manually
by typing a simple command into the Run box - sfc /scannow. This
command immediately starts the Windows File Protection utility and it
then checks and scans all system files to ensure their integrity.
For users with a pre-installed version of XP, sfc may ask you for your
Windows CD in order to copy the relevant files. If you don't have a
Windows CD or if sfc cannot find the files it needs, please refer to
Marc Liron's article below.
For users who installed Service Pack 2 for XP by downloading from the
internet, sfc may ask you for an XP SP2 CD – which you won't have. You
may need to create a slipstreamed CD to ensure sfc works correctly.
Slipstreaming is simply a way of incorporating SP2 into your Windows
installation – you create a new disk with Windows and SP2 all in one.
Guides to slipstreaming can be found
here.,
and a useful programme called Autostreamer, which does most of the
work for you, can be downloaded
here.
Stopping unnecessary services
Windows generally comes with a raft of running services, many of which
are not really required. You can safely stop some of these services
and improve the boot time and speed of your system. Many installed
programmes make themselves start up as soon as you boot the PC. They
just run in the background, even although you don't actually use them.
Usually these programmes can be stopped from automatically loading –
if you need to start them, you can do this manually.
Driver/Device Conflicts
Are all your hardware drivers up to date? Using an out of date driver
could cause hardware conflicts and crash your system. Have a look at
Microsoft's suggestions on troubleshooting driver/device conflicts
here.
Internet Explorer
IE 7 includes a phishing filter – very useful indeed. But it can slow
down your browsing as the filter checks each web page. Have a look at
Microsoft's suggestions on this
here.
Anti Virus Programmes
Never use more than one Anti Virus. Although it might sound like a
great idea to run two or more, in reality it's not. AVs usually have a
'real time' monitor that helps protect your system. This monitor will
want to have a look at any file that changes or has been added to the
system. If you have 2 AVs then every time one looks at a file, the
other AV will think that file has changed so it will want to take a
look as well. Now the second AV thinks that file has changed so it
wants another look. So, of course, the first AV thinks that file has
changed….you get the idea. You could end up with an unstable system, a
really slow system or unexplained crashes.
And finally…
Having done all your tweaks and clean ups, create a new System Restore
point – this gives you a 'fall back' position with all your new
changes.
Thursday, September 3, 2009
Windows Explorer Tips and Tricks
Windows Explorer Tips and Tricks
>>> Note: Incorrectly editing the registry may severely damage your system. before making changes to the registry, make a backup copy
>> How to increase icon cache
You can increase response time in windows explorer and give the Shell icon cache file more elbow room.
1- Click Start Menu > select Run, type "regedit" (without quotes) to run Windows Registry Editor.
2- Find and go to following address: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Curr entVersion\explorer
3- Create a new STRING and name Max Cached Icons, give it value of 10000
4- Close Registry Editor and reboot your computer.
>> How to create 3D Effect for Window
You can create 3D effect for your window Explorer
1- Click Start Menu > select Run, type "regedit" (without quotes) to run Windows Registry Editor.
2- Find and go to following key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Control Panel \ Colors
3- Change ButtonHiligh value to 128 128 128, and change ButtonShadow to 255 255 255
>>> ButtonHilight=128 128 128
>>> ButtonShadow=255 255 255
And finally close Registry Editor and reboot your computer
>> How to sort Favorites and Start Menus Alphabetically
You can sort Favorites and Start Menus Alphabetically ( A –Z)
1- Click Start Menu > select Run, type "regedit" (without quotes) to run Windows Registry Editor.
2- Find and go to following : HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Explorer/MenuOrder
3- Under this folder there are Favorites and Start Menu folders, just delete "Order" value key
4- Close Registry Editor and reboot your computer; your Favorites or Start Menus should now sort alphabetically
>>> Note: Incorrectly editing the registry may severely damage your system. before making changes to the registry, make a backup copy
>> How to increase icon cache
You can increase response time in windows explorer and give the Shell icon cache file more elbow room.
1- Click Start Menu > select Run, type "regedit" (without quotes) to run Windows Registry Editor.
2- Find and go to following address: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Curr entVersion\explorer
3- Create a new STRING and name Max Cached Icons, give it value of 10000
4- Close Registry Editor and reboot your computer.
>> How to create 3D Effect for Window
You can create 3D effect for your window Explorer
1- Click Start Menu > select Run, type "regedit" (without quotes) to run Windows Registry Editor.
2- Find and go to following key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Control Panel \ Colors
3- Change ButtonHiligh value to 128 128 128, and change ButtonShadow to 255 255 255
>>> ButtonHilight=128 128 128
>>> ButtonShadow=255 255 255
And finally close Registry Editor and reboot your computer
>> How to sort Favorites and Start Menus Alphabetically
You can sort Favorites and Start Menus Alphabetically ( A –Z)
1- Click Start Menu > select Run, type "regedit" (without quotes) to run Windows Registry Editor.
2- Find and go to following : HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Explorer/MenuOrder
3- Under this folder there are Favorites and Start Menu folders, just delete "Order" value key
4- Close Registry Editor and reboot your computer; your Favorites or Start Menus should now sort alphabetically
Sunday, August 30, 2009
Tips to Find Unauthorized Activity on Your Email Account
Do you suspect that your email account is under attack? Do you want to maintain total security of your email account and make it 100% hack proof? Well, Some times our email account might have got hacked and we may not be aware of that. We may believe that our email account is safe, but in reality our private and confidential information may be falling into the hands of a third person.
Here are some signs of unauthorized activity on an email account--
1. Your new emails are marked as Read even if you’ve not read them.
2. Your emails are moved to Trash or even permanently deleted without your notice.
3. Your emails are being forwarded to a third party email address (check your settings->forwarding).
4. Your secondary email address is changed.
If you come across any of the above activities on your email account, then it is a clear indication that your email account is hacked.
Additional Security Features in Gmail to ensure the Safety of your Account
Gmail provides an additional security feature to protect your email account through the means of IP address logging. That is, Gmail records your IP address every time you login to your Gmail account. So, if a third party gets access to your account then even his/her IP is also recorded. To see a list of recorded IP address, scroll down to the bottom of your Gmail account and you’ll see something like this.
You can see from the above figure that Gmail shows the IP address of last login (last account activity). You can click on Details to see the IP address of your last 5 activities. If you find that the IP listed in the logs doesn’t belong to you, then you can suspect unauthorized activity.
Steps to be carried out to stop unauthorized activity on your email account--
If you feel/suspect that your account is hacked then you must immediately take the actions mentioned below
1. Change your Password
2. Change your security question.
2. Remove any third party email address (if any) to which your account is set to forward emails.
3. Make sure that you can access the email account of your secondary email address.
4. Also change you secondary email password and security question.
This ensures that your account is safe from future attacks. But I strongly recommend that you my another post to protect your email account from being hacked.
Here are some signs of unauthorized activity on an email account--
1. Your new emails are marked as Read even if you’ve not read them.
2. Your emails are moved to Trash or even permanently deleted without your notice.
3. Your emails are being forwarded to a third party email address (check your settings->forwarding).
4. Your secondary email address is changed.
If you come across any of the above activities on your email account, then it is a clear indication that your email account is hacked.
Additional Security Features in Gmail to ensure the Safety of your Account
Gmail provides an additional security feature to protect your email account through the means of IP address logging. That is, Gmail records your IP address every time you login to your Gmail account. So, if a third party gets access to your account then even his/her IP is also recorded. To see a list of recorded IP address, scroll down to the bottom of your Gmail account and you’ll see something like this.
You can see from the above figure that Gmail shows the IP address of last login (last account activity). You can click on Details to see the IP address of your last 5 activities. If you find that the IP listed in the logs doesn’t belong to you, then you can suspect unauthorized activity.
Steps to be carried out to stop unauthorized activity on your email account--
If you feel/suspect that your account is hacked then you must immediately take the actions mentioned below
1. Change your Password
2. Change your security question.
2. Remove any third party email address (if any) to which your account is set to forward emails.
3. Make sure that you can access the email account of your secondary email address.
4. Also change you secondary email password and security question.
This ensures that your account is safe from future attacks. But I strongly recommend that you my another post to protect your email account from being hacked.
Tips to Improve Email Privacy
Many websites ask for your email address when you shop online, download a free software etc. But do you know that this has a chance of affecting your email privacy through Spam emails?
Though most websites don’t use spamming as an email marketing strategy, there are a few that use junk emails that don’t care about anti-Spam laws. Here are some tips to maintain your email privacy from such threats.
Before submitting your email address you need to check the reputation of the company. Reputed websites would normally follow the right email practices to ensure your email privacy. Such companies will never want to loose their hard earned reputation by getting blammed for spamming.
See whether the websites provides email privacy statements. You need to go through these statement in detail, and know about the kind of emails that will be sent to you, how often etc. Based on this you can decide on whether you need such emails. You don’t want to give your email address to some fraud company that is thinking about handing over your email address to hundreds of other websites.
Finally, check whether the website really respects your privacy. Often you will find some text like “I agree to receive email” that comes with a check box. You can agree to receive emails by checking the check box. If the check box is already checked, it is just a good indication that the website doesn’t respect your privacy. So watch out!
Wednesday, August 26, 2009
XP Security (The Best)
Let's say you we're hacked and all your data is gone,what to do?
I will be teaching you how to help yourself to recover from that corruption,and how to prevent that from happening again.
I. Recovering
II.Preventing
I.Recovering
I.I.Dangerous Viruses
I.II.Blue Screen
I.III.Error Messages
I.IV.Missing DLL
I.V.Minor viruses
I.VI.Very Dangerous Viruses
I.I.Dangerous Viruses
If you are reading this thread then you must be a member or guest on Greyhat-Security,that means you like downloading stuff,off the web. But you never know if the stuff you download are clean and have no viruses. But then one day,you download something and you reboot and then ,what do you know? Some files are created by themselves,some files can't be accessed. What to do? Go to Google and download an Anti-Virus,here are some links:
AVG-
Avast- Kaspersky- NOD32- When you download,install,update and run a full scan. Your windows is now cleaned from viruses. To make sure,scan again.
Then download Spyware Doctor here:
Download,Install,Update and run a full scan. Your windows is now cleaned from Spywares.
Then download a malware remover:
Download,Install,Update and run a full scan. Your windows is now cleaned from malwares.
Then download a trojan remover: Download,Install,Update and run a full scan. Your windows is now cleaned from trojans.
YOUR WINDOWS IS NOW CLEAN.
Now when you finish the above,use Disk Cleanup to delete anything unwanted. And then run Disk Defragmenter. Your windows is now back to normal.
I.II.Blue Screen
Blue screen a.k.a Blue screen of death is an error that windows xp has. It is mostly there when you have a system error.And that blue screens saves the day. It helps you prevent any damage to your computer by shutting it down. How to recover from Blue screens:
Get your windows xp installation cd Stash it inside your CD-Rom and restart computer. And boot from the cd. When a blue window i think will come up click R Type in Quote:
CHKDSK /R
and enter. When the repair process is done type in Quote:
BOOTCFG
.
When that is finished restart and keep your finger on F8. When a black windows comes up with option select Quote:
Last Known Good Configuration
Your windows is now recovered.
I.III.Error messages
Some error messages show at startup and some when starting an application. I will talk about both. For the error messages at startup is probably a missing DLL,I will talk about that later. And sometimes it a unknown message sent to a window component like autoexec.bat or command.com(this also will be discussed in the Missing DLL part) For starting an application sometimes it's the setup file,maybe a file wasn't completely installed use Reinstall in the Add/Remove Programs,but some programs don't have Reinstall so just Uninstall and install again,if the problem persists then it is the download link. Try downloading from another source.
Like if you are going to download for example LimeWire.Don't download from http: but from .
Always better to download from original site.
I.IV.Missing Dlls
When something bad happened a DLL is corrupted. Dll's are mostly in System32. So find your corrupted DLL(To find the corrupted DLL take a look at the startup erro,you should see the dll name there. When you find your DLL go to :
And search for it. When you find it download and replace it with the old DLL.
Then download registry booster 2 here:
And run a full scan. That should clear things out. Then go to RUN and type drwatson.exe, drwtsn32.exe or dwwin.exe depends on your windows version. And follow this Wiki:
Quote:
The information obtained and logged by Dr. Watson is the information needed by technical support personnel to diagnose a program error for a computer running Windows. A text file (Drwtsn32.log) is created whenever an error is detected, and can be delivered to support personnel by the method they prefer. A crash dump file can also be created, which is a binary file that a programmer can load into a debugger. Dr. Watson can be made to generate more exacting information for debugging purposes if the appropriate symbol files are installed and the symbol search path (environment variable) is set. When a program error occurs in Windows, the system searches for a program error handler. A program error handler deals with errors as they arise during the running of a program. If the system does not find a program error handler, the system verifies that the program is not currently being debugged and considers the error to be unhandled. The system then processes unhandled errors by looking in the registry for a program error debugger for which Dr. Watson is the default. A third-party debugger can also be used in place of Dr. Watson. The Watcom C compiler includes a similar crash-analysis tool named "Dr. Watcom"
I.V.Minor Viruses
When you have small,spammy,annoying viruses a system restore might be your best bet.
I.V1.Very Dangerous Viruses.
Very dangerous viruses cannot be cleaned with a Anti-Virus,but only with a format. Here I will teach you how to format:
First make a backup and stack all your needed files inside.
Then stash your Windows Xp installation cd inside the CD-Rom.
Restart and boot from CD.
A blue window will appear and look down you will see different
options.Don't click any,be patient and you will see that the cd is
running some files you will see name(like sound device...)When that is
done you will see options,Click enter.
A new window will appear.You can see all your drives/partition.Choose
your system drive , or the drive that you want to format and click
"D"(sometimes you only have C:/ and no D:/ so the step before is not
needed).New window,press L.
You are back to the previous screens,but instead of C:/ \ D:\ you have
sizes ( e.g 1515MB ),highlight the size and click C.New window,click
enter.
Previous Window.You will have something that looks like this : “C: Partition1..."Highlight and press enter.
New window choose NTFS(this is just my recommendation),there will be a 4 options i think, quick and full i don't know,but don't choose quick choose the other one and click enter. That will format. Than there is the configuring it's up to you. When you finish configuring install the windows drivers and that's it a new windows.
II.Preventing
So you just been saved from the viruses and now you don't want to make the same mistakes again? Here is how.
Always use the internet using a proxy , it will be almost impossible to connect to you. Then change IPs every now and then.
Tick your firewall on. And every 2 weeks update your windows. Always use an Anti-Virus. Check your download links. Always use fake Email-Address , and Fake Name. Disable telnet/NetBIOS. Never download hacking tools that you think might be viruses. Prevent yourself from making batches and saving them as something.bat( because if they are destructive you don't know when it will
automatically launch. DO NOT USE P2P for softwares,maybe for music. If a friend tells you I created a similar website to Myspace/Gmail/Hotmail.. Don't accept it's probably phishing. Make sure that you never log on MSN at your friends house as it might be keylogged.
I will be teaching you how to help yourself to recover from that corruption,and how to prevent that from happening again.
I. Recovering
II.Preventing
I.Recovering
I.I.Dangerous Viruses
I.II.Blue Screen
I.III.Error Messages
I.IV.Missing DLL
I.V.Minor viruses
I.VI.Very Dangerous Viruses
I.I.Dangerous Viruses
If you are reading this thread then you must be a member or guest on Greyhat-Security,that means you like downloading stuff,off the web. But you never know if the stuff you download are clean and have no viruses. But then one day,you download something and you reboot and then ,what do you know? Some files are created by themselves,some files can't be accessed. What to do? Go to Google and download an Anti-Virus,here are some links:
AVG-
Code:
http://free.grisoft.com/
Code:
www.avast.com/eng/download-avast-home.htm
Code:
www.kaspersky.com/downloads
Code:
www.eset.com/download/
Then download Spyware Doctor here:
Code:
http://www.pctools.com/spyware-doctor/
Then download a malware remover:
Code:
http://www.softpedia.com/get/Antivirus/M...nner.shtml
Then download a trojan remover: Download,Install,Update and run a full scan. Your windows is now cleaned from trojans.
YOUR WINDOWS IS NOW CLEAN.
Now when you finish the above,use Disk Cleanup to delete anything unwanted. And then run Disk Defragmenter. Your windows is now back to normal.
I.II.Blue Screen
Blue screen a.k.a Blue screen of death is an error that windows xp has. It is mostly there when you have a system error.And that blue screens saves the day. It helps you prevent any damage to your computer by shutting it down. How to recover from Blue screens:
Get your windows xp installation cd Stash it inside your CD-Rom and restart computer. And boot from the cd. When a blue window i think will come up click R Type in Quote:
CHKDSK /R
and enter. When the repair process is done type in Quote:
BOOTCFG
.
When that is finished restart and keep your finger on F8. When a black windows comes up with option select Quote:
Last Known Good Configuration
Your windows is now recovered.
I.III.Error messages
Some error messages show at startup and some when starting an application. I will talk about both. For the error messages at startup is probably a missing DLL,I will talk about that later. And sometimes it a unknown message sent to a window component like autoexec.bat or command.com(this also will be discussed in the Missing DLL part) For starting an application sometimes it's the setup file,maybe a file wasn't completely installed use Reinstall in the Add/Remove Programs,but some programs don't have Reinstall so just Uninstall and install again,if the problem persists then it is the download link. Try downloading from another source.
Like if you are going to download for example LimeWire.Don't download from http:
Code:
//www.download.com
Code:
http://www.limewire.com
Always better to download from original site.
I.IV.Missing Dlls
When something bad happened a DLL is corrupted. Dll's are mostly in System32. So find your corrupted DLL(To find the corrupted DLL take a look at the startup erro,you should see the dll name there. When you find your DLL go to :
Code:
http://www.dll-files.com/
Then download registry booster 2 here:
Code:
http://www.liutilities.com/products/registrybooster/
Quote:
The information obtained and logged by Dr. Watson is the information needed by technical support personnel to diagnose a program error for a computer running Windows. A text file (Drwtsn32.log) is created whenever an error is detected, and can be delivered to support personnel by the method they prefer. A crash dump file can also be created, which is a binary file that a programmer can load into a debugger. Dr. Watson can be made to generate more exacting information for debugging purposes if the appropriate symbol files are installed and the symbol search path (environment variable) is set. When a program error occurs in Windows, the system searches for a program error handler. A program error handler deals with errors as they arise during the running of a program. If the system does not find a program error handler, the system verifies that the program is not currently being debugged and considers the error to be unhandled. The system then processes unhandled errors by looking in the registry for a program error debugger for which Dr. Watson is the default. A third-party debugger can also be used in place of Dr. Watson. The Watcom C compiler includes a similar crash-analysis tool named "Dr. Watcom"
I.V.Minor Viruses
When you have small,spammy,annoying viruses a system restore might be your best bet.
I.V1.Very Dangerous Viruses.
Very dangerous viruses cannot be cleaned with a Anti-Virus,but only with a format. Here I will teach you how to format:
First make a backup and stack all your needed files inside.
Then stash your Windows Xp installation cd inside the CD-Rom.
Restart and boot from CD.
A blue window will appear and look down you will see different
options.Don't click any,be patient and you will see that the cd is
running some files you will see name(like sound device...)When that is
done you will see options,Click enter.
A new window will appear.You can see all your drives/partition.Choose
your system drive , or the drive that you want to format and click
"D"(sometimes you only have C:/ and no D:/ so the step before is not
needed).New window,press L.
You are back to the previous screens,but instead of C:/ \ D:\ you have
sizes ( e.g 1515MB ),highlight the size and click C.New window,click
enter.
Previous Window.You will have something that looks like this : “C: Partition1..."Highlight and press enter.
New window choose NTFS(this is just my recommendation),there will be a 4 options i think, quick and full i don't know,but don't choose quick choose the other one and click enter. That will format. Than there is the configuring it's up to you. When you finish configuring install the windows drivers and that's it a new windows.
II.Preventing
So you just been saved from the viruses and now you don't want to make the same mistakes again? Here is how.
Always use the internet using a proxy , it will be almost impossible to connect to you. Then change IPs every now and then.
Tick your firewall on. And every 2 weeks update your windows. Always use an Anti-Virus. Check your download links. Always use fake Email-Address , and Fake Name. Disable telnet/NetBIOS. Never download hacking tools that you think might be viruses. Prevent yourself from making batches and saving them as something.bat( because if they are destructive you don't know when it will
automatically launch. DO NOT USE P2P for softwares,maybe for music. If a friend tells you I created a similar website to Myspace/Gmail/Hotmail.. Don't accept it's probably phishing. Make sure that you never log on MSN at your friends house as it might be keylogged.
What is a BIOS Beep Code?
When you power on a computer the BIOS immediately takes control of the computer and performs the P.O.S.T (Power On Self Test).
At the end of the POST the computer will play an audible 'BEEP' through either the PC's internal speaker of through speakers attached to the sound card (if you have a built-in sound chip).
If the POST completed successfully without detecting any problems with then system will play a single short beep to let you know the test is complete and the computer will continue to startup and load the operating system.
If during the POST the BIOS detects a problem it will normally display a visual error message on the monitor explaining what the problem is.
However, if a problem is detected before the BIOS initializes the video card, or a video card is not present or not detected then the BIOS will play several 'BEEPS' through the speaker to let you know there is a problem.
Depending on the type of the BIOS you have the BIOS may play beeps in a specific pattern to indicate what the problem is, or play the same beep a number of times indicating the problem.
It is very important that you pay close attention to the number and/or pattern of the beeps your computer plays on startup.
Below are listed the beep codes for AMI systems, and here are the beep codes for Phoenix systems.
AMI Beep Codes
Beep Code Meaning
1 beep DRAM refresh failure. There is a problem in the system memory or the motherboard.
2 beeps Memory parity error. The parity circuit is not working properly.
3 beeps Base 64K RAM failure. There is a problem with the first 64K of system memory.
4 beeps System timer not operational. There is problem with the timer(s) that control functions on the motherboard.
5 beeps Processor failure. The system CPU has failed.
6 beeps Gate A20/keyboard controller failure. The keyboard IC controller has failed, preventing gate A20 from switching the processor to protect mode.
7 beeps Virtual mode exception error.
8 beeps Video memory error. The BIOS cannot write to the frame buffer memory on the video card.
9 beeps ROM checksum error. The BIOS ROM chip on the motherboard is likely faulty.
10 beeps CMOS checksum error. Something on the motherboard is causing an error when trying to interact with the CMOS.
11 beeps Bad cache memory. An error in the level 2 cache memory.
1 long beep, 2 short Failure in the video system.
1 long beep, 3 short A failure has been detected in memory above 64K.
1 long beep, 8 short Display test failure.
Continuous beeping A problem with the memory or video.
BIOS Beep Codes
Phoenix Beep Codes
Phoenix uses sequences of beeps to indicate problems. The "-" between each number below indicates a pause between each beep sequence. For example, 1-2-3 indicates one beep, followed by a pause and two beeps, followed by a pause and three beeps. Phoenix version before 4.x use 3-beep codes, while Phoenix versions starting with 4.x use 4-beep codes. Click here for AMI BIOS beep codes.
4-Beep Codes
Beep Code Meaning
1-1-1-3 Faulty CPU/motherboard. Verify real mode.
1-1-2-1 Faulty CPU/motherboard.
1-1-2-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-1-3-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components. Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.
1-1-3-2 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-1-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components. Initialize CPU registers.
1-1-3-2
1-1-3-3
1-1-3-4 Failure in the first 64K of memory.
1-1-4-1 Level 2 cache error.
1-1-4-3 I/O port error.
1-2-1-1 Power management error.
1-2-1-2
1-2-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-2-2-1 Keyboard controller failure.
1-2-2-3 BIOS ROM error.
1-2-3-1 System timer error.
1-2-3-3 DMA error.
1-2-4-1 IRQ controller error.
1-3-1-1 DRAM refresh error.
1-3-1-3 A20 gate failure.
1-3-2-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-3-3-1 Extended memory error.
1-3-3-3
1-3-4-1
1-3-4-3 Error in first 1MB of system memory.
1-4-1-3
1-4-2-4 CPU error.
1-4-3-1
2-1-4-1 BIOS ROM shadow error.
1-4-3-2
1-4-3-3 Level 2 cache error.
1-4-4-1
1-4-4-2
2-1-1-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
2-1-1-3
2-1-2-1 IRQ failure.
2-1-2-3 BIOS ROM error.
2-1-2-4
2-1-3-2 I/O port failure.
2-1-3-1
2-1-3-3 Video system failure.
2-1-1-3
2-1-2-1 IRQ failure.
2-1-2-3 BIOS ROM error.
2-1-2-4 I/O port failure.
2-1-4-3
2-2-1-1 Video card failure.
2-2-1-3
2-2-2-1
2-2-2-3 Keyboard controller failure.
2-2-3-1 IRQ error.
2-2-4-1 Error in first 1MB of system memory.
2-3-1-1
2-3-3-3 Extended memory failure.
2-3-2-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
2-3-2-3
2-3-3-1 Level 2 cache error.
2-3-4-1
2-3-4-3 Motherboard or video card failure.
2-3-4-1
2-3-4-3
2-4-1-1 Motherboard or video card failure.
2-4-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
2-4-2-1 RTC error.
2-4-2-3 Keyboard controller error.
2-4-4-1 IRQ error.
3-1-1-1
3-1-1-3
3-1-2-1
3-1-2-3 I/O port error.
3-1-3-1
3-1-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-1-4-1
3-2-1-1
3-2-1-2 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.
3-2-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-2-2-1 Keyboard controller error.
3-2-2-3
3-2-3-1
3-2-4-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-2-4-3 IRQ error.
3-3-1-1 RTC error.
3-3-1-3 Key lock error.
3-3-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-3-3-3
3-3-4-1
3-3-4-3
3-4-1-1
3-4-1-3
3-4-2-1
3-4-2-3
3-4-3-1
3-4-4-1
3-4-4-4 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
4-1-1-1 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.
4-2-1-1
4-2-1-3
4-2-2-1 IRQ failure.
4-2-2-3
4-2-3-1
4-2-3-3
4-2-4-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
4-2-4-3 Keyboard controller error.
4-3-1-3
4-3-1-4
4-3-2-1
4-3-2-2
4-3-3-1
4-3-4-1
4-3-4-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
4-3-3-2
4-3-3-4 IRQ failure.
4-3-3-3
4-3-4-2 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.
3-Beep Codes
Beep Code Meaning
1-1-2 Faulty CPU/motherboard.
1-1-3 Faulty motherboard/CMOS read-write failure.
1-1-4 Faulty BIOS/BIOS ROM checksum error.
1-2-1 System timer not operational. There is a problem with the timer(s) that control functions on the motherboard.
1-2-2
1-2-3 Faulty motherboard/DMA failure.
1-3-1 Memory refresh failure.
1-3-2
1-3-3
1-3-4 Failure in the first 64K of memory.
1-4-1 Address line failure.
1-4-2 Parity RAM failure.
1-4-3 Timer failure.
1-4-4 NMI port failure.
2_ Any combination of beeps after 2 indicates a failure in the first 64K of memory.
3-1-1 Master DMA failure.
3-1-2 Slave DMA failure.
3-1-3
3-1-4 Interrupt controller failure.
3-2-4 Keyboard controller failure.
3-3-1
3-3-2 CMOS error.
3-3-4 Video card failure.
3-4-1 Video card failure.
4-2-1 Timer failure.
4-2-2 CMOS shutdown failure.
4-2-3 Gate A20 failure.
4-2-4 Unexpected interrupt in protected mode.
4-3-1 RAM test failure.
4-3-3 Timer failure.
4-3-4 Time of day clock failure.
4-4-1 Serial port failure.
4-4-2 Parallel port failure.
4-4-3 Math coprocessor.
At the end of the POST the computer will play an audible 'BEEP' through either the PC's internal speaker of through speakers attached to the sound card (if you have a built-in sound chip).
If the POST completed successfully without detecting any problems with then system will play a single short beep to let you know the test is complete and the computer will continue to startup and load the operating system.
If during the POST the BIOS detects a problem it will normally display a visual error message on the monitor explaining what the problem is.
However, if a problem is detected before the BIOS initializes the video card, or a video card is not present or not detected then the BIOS will play several 'BEEPS' through the speaker to let you know there is a problem.
Depending on the type of the BIOS you have the BIOS may play beeps in a specific pattern to indicate what the problem is, or play the same beep a number of times indicating the problem.
It is very important that you pay close attention to the number and/or pattern of the beeps your computer plays on startup.
Below are listed the beep codes for AMI systems, and here are the beep codes for Phoenix systems.
AMI Beep Codes
Beep Code Meaning
1 beep DRAM refresh failure. There is a problem in the system memory or the motherboard.
2 beeps Memory parity error. The parity circuit is not working properly.
3 beeps Base 64K RAM failure. There is a problem with the first 64K of system memory.
4 beeps System timer not operational. There is problem with the timer(s) that control functions on the motherboard.
5 beeps Processor failure. The system CPU has failed.
6 beeps Gate A20/keyboard controller failure. The keyboard IC controller has failed, preventing gate A20 from switching the processor to protect mode.
7 beeps Virtual mode exception error.
8 beeps Video memory error. The BIOS cannot write to the frame buffer memory on the video card.
9 beeps ROM checksum error. The BIOS ROM chip on the motherboard is likely faulty.
10 beeps CMOS checksum error. Something on the motherboard is causing an error when trying to interact with the CMOS.
11 beeps Bad cache memory. An error in the level 2 cache memory.
1 long beep, 2 short Failure in the video system.
1 long beep, 3 short A failure has been detected in memory above 64K.
1 long beep, 8 short Display test failure.
Continuous beeping A problem with the memory or video.
BIOS Beep Codes
Phoenix Beep Codes
Phoenix uses sequences of beeps to indicate problems. The "-" between each number below indicates a pause between each beep sequence. For example, 1-2-3 indicates one beep, followed by a pause and two beeps, followed by a pause and three beeps. Phoenix version before 4.x use 3-beep codes, while Phoenix versions starting with 4.x use 4-beep codes. Click here for AMI BIOS beep codes.
4-Beep Codes
Beep Code Meaning
1-1-1-3 Faulty CPU/motherboard. Verify real mode.
1-1-2-1 Faulty CPU/motherboard.
1-1-2-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-1-3-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components. Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.
1-1-3-2 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-1-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components. Initialize CPU registers.
1-1-3-2
1-1-3-3
1-1-3-4 Failure in the first 64K of memory.
1-1-4-1 Level 2 cache error.
1-1-4-3 I/O port error.
1-2-1-1 Power management error.
1-2-1-2
1-2-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-2-2-1 Keyboard controller failure.
1-2-2-3 BIOS ROM error.
1-2-3-1 System timer error.
1-2-3-3 DMA error.
1-2-4-1 IRQ controller error.
1-3-1-1 DRAM refresh error.
1-3-1-3 A20 gate failure.
1-3-2-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-3-3-1 Extended memory error.
1-3-3-3
1-3-4-1
1-3-4-3 Error in first 1MB of system memory.
1-4-1-3
1-4-2-4 CPU error.
1-4-3-1
2-1-4-1 BIOS ROM shadow error.
1-4-3-2
1-4-3-3 Level 2 cache error.
1-4-4-1
1-4-4-2
2-1-1-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
2-1-1-3
2-1-2-1 IRQ failure.
2-1-2-3 BIOS ROM error.
2-1-2-4
2-1-3-2 I/O port failure.
2-1-3-1
2-1-3-3 Video system failure.
2-1-1-3
2-1-2-1 IRQ failure.
2-1-2-3 BIOS ROM error.
2-1-2-4 I/O port failure.
2-1-4-3
2-2-1-1 Video card failure.
2-2-1-3
2-2-2-1
2-2-2-3 Keyboard controller failure.
2-2-3-1 IRQ error.
2-2-4-1 Error in first 1MB of system memory.
2-3-1-1
2-3-3-3 Extended memory failure.
2-3-2-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
2-3-2-3
2-3-3-1 Level 2 cache error.
2-3-4-1
2-3-4-3 Motherboard or video card failure.
2-3-4-1
2-3-4-3
2-4-1-1 Motherboard or video card failure.
2-4-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
2-4-2-1 RTC error.
2-4-2-3 Keyboard controller error.
2-4-4-1 IRQ error.
3-1-1-1
3-1-1-3
3-1-2-1
3-1-2-3 I/O port error.
3-1-3-1
3-1-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-1-4-1
3-2-1-1
3-2-1-2 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.
3-2-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-2-2-1 Keyboard controller error.
3-2-2-3
3-2-3-1
3-2-4-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-2-4-3 IRQ error.
3-3-1-1 RTC error.
3-3-1-3 Key lock error.
3-3-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-3-3-3
3-3-4-1
3-3-4-3
3-4-1-1
3-4-1-3
3-4-2-1
3-4-2-3
3-4-3-1
3-4-4-1
3-4-4-4 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
4-1-1-1 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.
4-2-1-1
4-2-1-3
4-2-2-1 IRQ failure.
4-2-2-3
4-2-3-1
4-2-3-3
4-2-4-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
4-2-4-3 Keyboard controller error.
4-3-1-3
4-3-1-4
4-3-2-1
4-3-2-2
4-3-3-1
4-3-4-1
4-3-4-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
4-3-3-2
4-3-3-4 IRQ failure.
4-3-3-3
4-3-4-2 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.
3-Beep Codes
Beep Code Meaning
1-1-2 Faulty CPU/motherboard.
1-1-3 Faulty motherboard/CMOS read-write failure.
1-1-4 Faulty BIOS/BIOS ROM checksum error.
1-2-1 System timer not operational. There is a problem with the timer(s) that control functions on the motherboard.
1-2-2
1-2-3 Faulty motherboard/DMA failure.
1-3-1 Memory refresh failure.
1-3-2
1-3-3
1-3-4 Failure in the first 64K of memory.
1-4-1 Address line failure.
1-4-2 Parity RAM failure.
1-4-3 Timer failure.
1-4-4 NMI port failure.
2_ Any combination of beeps after 2 indicates a failure in the first 64K of memory.
3-1-1 Master DMA failure.
3-1-2 Slave DMA failure.
3-1-3
3-1-4 Interrupt controller failure.
3-2-4 Keyboard controller failure.
3-3-1
3-3-2 CMOS error.
3-3-4 Video card failure.
3-4-1 Video card failure.
4-2-1 Timer failure.
4-2-2 CMOS shutdown failure.
4-2-3 Gate A20 failure.
4-2-4 Unexpected interrupt in protected mode.
4-3-1 RAM test failure.
4-3-3 Timer failure.
4-3-4 Time of day clock failure.
4-4-1 Serial port failure.
4-4-2 Parallel port failure.
4-4-3 Math coprocessor.
Top 20 Tips To Keep Your System Faster
1. Wallpapers: They slow your whole system down, so if you're willing to compromise, have a basic plain one instead!
2. Drivers: Update your hardware drivers as frequently as possible. New drivers tend to increase system speed especially in the case of graphics cards, their drivers are updated by the manufacturer very frequently!
3. Minimizing: If you want to use several programs at the same time then minimize those you are not using. This helps reduce the overload on RAM.
4. Boot Faster: The 'starting Windows 95/98' message on startup can delay your booting for a couple of seconds. To get rid of this message go to c:\ and find the file Msdos.sys. Remove the Read-Only option. Next, open it in Notepad or any other text editor. Finally, go to the text 'Options' within the file and make the following changes: Add BootDelay=0. To make your booting even faster, set add Logo=0 to remove the Windows logo at startup.
5. Restart only Windows: When restarting your PC, hold down Shift to only restart Windows rather than the whole system which will only take a fraction of the time.
6. Turn Off Animations: Go to Display Settings from the Control Panel and switch to the Effects Tab. Now turn off Show Windows Content While Dragging and Smooth Edges on Screen Fonts. This tip is also helpful with Windows XP because of the various fade/scroll effects.
7. Faster Start-Menu Access: Go to the Start menu and select Run. Now type Regedit and hit Enter. The Registry Editor will appear on the screen. Now, open the folder HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop. You should see a MenuShowDelay value. If you don't then do the following: right click on a blank space in the right pane and select New\String. Change the name in the new value to MenuShowDelay. Now that we have the MenuShowDelay value, double click on it and enter 0 in the value data field. This sets the start menu delay to 0 milliseconds.
8. Resolutions: If you are willing to do anything for faster performance from your PC, then try lowering your display resolution. The lower it is, the faster your PC.
9. Turn off Active Desktop: Go to your Display Properties and switch to the Web tab. Uncheck View My Active Desktop As a Web Page. Since the Active Desktop option under Windows 98 uses a lot of system resources, this option can have a dramatic effect on the speed of the whole system.
10. Defragment Often: Windows 98's Defrag tool uses Application Acceleration from Intel which means that when you defragment your drive, data is physically arranged on the drive so that applications will load faster.
11. Take your PC to Bed: Using the Advanced Power Management feature under Windows 98 gives you the option to use the sleep command. That way, you can send your PC to sleep instead of shutting it down and then restarting it. It's as simple as pressing a button and then pressing the same button to wake it up. You can tell Windows after how many minutes/hours of inactivity to automatically sleep the machine in the Advanced Power Management section of the Control Panel.
12. Faster Internet Access: If you use the internet for reference and the sites you visit are rarely updated then try the following. In IE (the same can be done in Netscape) go to Tools, Internet Options. Next, click on Settings... in the Temporary Internet Files section. Finally, select Never for the first option and double the amount of storage space to use, click OK!
13. Benchmarking: Benchmarking can be very useful when run frequently. It can tell you how your PC's components are performing and then compare them to other machines like yours. For example, when you overclock your PC, you want to know how much more speed you have and whether it is stable. All this and more can be discovered using benchmarking. An excellent piece of software for doing this job is SiSoft Sandra which can be found in the Downloads File Archive!
14. Refresh the Taskbar without restarting: If you in some way change the taskbar, either in Regedit or elsewhere, you can refresh the task bar without restarting. Hold down Ctrl Alt Del, and double click on Explorer. Say Yes to close Explorer, but no to closing Windows. This will refresh the Taskbar and system tray.
15. Quick CD Eject: Instead of pushing the button on your drive, right-click your CD drive letter in My Computer and click on Eject. This will also remove any icons that have become associated with the CD drive.
16. Start Up Programs: Windows can be slowed down when programs run on start up. To eliminate this, check your Start up folder. You can access it from the start menu: Start, Programs, Start Up. Another way to eliminate programs from loading even before Windows actually starts is by doing the following: Click on Start, then Run. Type msconfig. It will take quite a long time for this program to load, but when you finally see it on your screen, explore the different tabs. They all have to do with how quickly your PC boots, so select what you want, and uncheck what you don't want!
17. Fonts: When Windows starts, it loads every single font in the Fonts folder. Therefore, the more fonts you have, the slower the booting process. To get rid of unwanted fonts, simply go to the Fonts folder under c:\windows and remove whatever you don't want. Fonts that have a red letter 'A' as their icon are system fonts, so don't delete them.
18. Stretching Wallpapers: Don't "stretch" your wallpaper in Windows 98 since it actually slows Windows down when you drag icons around on the desktop.
19. RAM Matters: If you have less than 32MB then you should seriously think of upgrading it to at least 64MB. Windows runs much more smoothly with 64MB or higher and tends to use less hard disk space for virtual memory.
20. Partitioning: A very nice little thing you can do to boost system performance. By partitioning your hard drive, splitting one physical drive into several logical ones, you can gain several advantages. 1. If you get a virus or you accidentally format a drive, not all will be lost. 2. By placing the swap file (Win386.swp) on a separate drive, The swap file will be less fragmented and thus, faster. 3. Place Windows on a separate drive and whenever you need to reinstall it, you rest assured that your data is safe on a separate drive. Partitioning can be done using a few programs such as FDisk which comes with DOS. However, FDisk formats everything on the hard disk before partitioning. Alternatively, you can use Partition Magic from Power Quest to partition your hard disk without losing your data.
2. Drivers: Update your hardware drivers as frequently as possible. New drivers tend to increase system speed especially in the case of graphics cards, their drivers are updated by the manufacturer very frequently!
3. Minimizing: If you want to use several programs at the same time then minimize those you are not using. This helps reduce the overload on RAM.
4. Boot Faster: The 'starting Windows 95/98' message on startup can delay your booting for a couple of seconds. To get rid of this message go to c:\ and find the file Msdos.sys. Remove the Read-Only option. Next, open it in Notepad or any other text editor. Finally, go to the text 'Options' within the file and make the following changes: Add BootDelay=0. To make your booting even faster, set add Logo=0 to remove the Windows logo at startup.
5. Restart only Windows: When restarting your PC, hold down Shift to only restart Windows rather than the whole system which will only take a fraction of the time.
6. Turn Off Animations: Go to Display Settings from the Control Panel and switch to the Effects Tab. Now turn off Show Windows Content While Dragging and Smooth Edges on Screen Fonts. This tip is also helpful with Windows XP because of the various fade/scroll effects.
7. Faster Start-Menu Access: Go to the Start menu and select Run. Now type Regedit and hit Enter. The Registry Editor will appear on the screen. Now, open the folder HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop. You should see a MenuShowDelay value. If you don't then do the following: right click on a blank space in the right pane and select New\String. Change the name in the new value to MenuShowDelay. Now that we have the MenuShowDelay value, double click on it and enter 0 in the value data field. This sets the start menu delay to 0 milliseconds.
8. Resolutions: If you are willing to do anything for faster performance from your PC, then try lowering your display resolution. The lower it is, the faster your PC.
9. Turn off Active Desktop: Go to your Display Properties and switch to the Web tab. Uncheck View My Active Desktop As a Web Page. Since the Active Desktop option under Windows 98 uses a lot of system resources, this option can have a dramatic effect on the speed of the whole system.
10. Defragment Often: Windows 98's Defrag tool uses Application Acceleration from Intel which means that when you defragment your drive, data is physically arranged on the drive so that applications will load faster.
11. Take your PC to Bed: Using the Advanced Power Management feature under Windows 98 gives you the option to use the sleep command. That way, you can send your PC to sleep instead of shutting it down and then restarting it. It's as simple as pressing a button and then pressing the same button to wake it up. You can tell Windows after how many minutes/hours of inactivity to automatically sleep the machine in the Advanced Power Management section of the Control Panel.
12. Faster Internet Access: If you use the internet for reference and the sites you visit are rarely updated then try the following. In IE (the same can be done in Netscape) go to Tools, Internet Options. Next, click on Settings... in the Temporary Internet Files section. Finally, select Never for the first option and double the amount of storage space to use, click OK!
13. Benchmarking: Benchmarking can be very useful when run frequently. It can tell you how your PC's components are performing and then compare them to other machines like yours. For example, when you overclock your PC, you want to know how much more speed you have and whether it is stable. All this and more can be discovered using benchmarking. An excellent piece of software for doing this job is SiSoft Sandra which can be found in the Downloads File Archive!
14. Refresh the Taskbar without restarting: If you in some way change the taskbar, either in Regedit or elsewhere, you can refresh the task bar without restarting. Hold down Ctrl Alt Del, and double click on Explorer. Say Yes to close Explorer, but no to closing Windows. This will refresh the Taskbar and system tray.
15. Quick CD Eject: Instead of pushing the button on your drive, right-click your CD drive letter in My Computer and click on Eject. This will also remove any icons that have become associated with the CD drive.
16. Start Up Programs: Windows can be slowed down when programs run on start up. To eliminate this, check your Start up folder. You can access it from the start menu: Start, Programs, Start Up. Another way to eliminate programs from loading even before Windows actually starts is by doing the following: Click on Start, then Run. Type msconfig. It will take quite a long time for this program to load, but when you finally see it on your screen, explore the different tabs. They all have to do with how quickly your PC boots, so select what you want, and uncheck what you don't want!
17. Fonts: When Windows starts, it loads every single font in the Fonts folder. Therefore, the more fonts you have, the slower the booting process. To get rid of unwanted fonts, simply go to the Fonts folder under c:\windows and remove whatever you don't want. Fonts that have a red letter 'A' as their icon are system fonts, so don't delete them.
18. Stretching Wallpapers: Don't "stretch" your wallpaper in Windows 98 since it actually slows Windows down when you drag icons around on the desktop.
19. RAM Matters: If you have less than 32MB then you should seriously think of upgrading it to at least 64MB. Windows runs much more smoothly with 64MB or higher and tends to use less hard disk space for virtual memory.
20. Partitioning: A very nice little thing you can do to boost system performance. By partitioning your hard drive, splitting one physical drive into several logical ones, you can gain several advantages. 1. If you get a virus or you accidentally format a drive, not all will be lost. 2. By placing the swap file (Win386.swp) on a separate drive, The swap file will be less fragmented and thus, faster. 3. Place Windows on a separate drive and whenever you need to reinstall it, you rest assured that your data is safe on a separate drive. Partitioning can be done using a few programs such as FDisk which comes with DOS. However, FDisk formats everything on the hard disk before partitioning. Alternatively, you can use Partition Magic from Power Quest to partition your hard disk without losing your data.
Password Recovery Disk
Take preventive measures against losing user-level passwords.
It doesn't matter if you never again remember a Windows user password. Thanks to XP's Forgotten Password Wizard, your conscience will be free and clear -- should your mind happen to accidentally misplace your user password.
I highly suggest you create a password recovery disk the minute you create your user account. Why? In order to create a password recovery disk you're going to need your password. Write it down the minute you create your user account and then proceed to creating your very own password recovery disk.
Here's how to launch the Forgotten Password Wizard:
Single-click Start menu, Control Panel, and User Accounts.
Click your user account name.
Under Related Tasks on the left, click "Prevent forgotten password" to launch the wizard.
Now that you've launched the wizard, let it walk you through creating the recovery disk. Make sure the disk you use is formatted and in the drive. After it's finished creating the disk, label it and stash it away for an emergency.
If you happen to forget your password, all you need to do is click your user icon at the logon screen. Even though you don't have your password, go ahead and click the green arrow just like you would to finish logging on to your computer. This will launch a little yellow dialog box directing you to use your password recovery disk.
It doesn't matter if you never again remember a Windows user password. Thanks to XP's Forgotten Password Wizard, your conscience will be free and clear -- should your mind happen to accidentally misplace your user password.
I highly suggest you create a password recovery disk the minute you create your user account. Why? In order to create a password recovery disk you're going to need your password. Write it down the minute you create your user account and then proceed to creating your very own password recovery disk.
Here's how to launch the Forgotten Password Wizard:
Single-click Start menu, Control Panel, and User Accounts.
Click your user account name.
Under Related Tasks on the left, click "Prevent forgotten password" to launch the wizard.
Now that you've launched the wizard, let it walk you through creating the recovery disk. Make sure the disk you use is formatted and in the drive. After it's finished creating the disk, label it and stash it away for an emergency.
If you happen to forget your password, all you need to do is click your user icon at the logon screen. Even though you don't have your password, go ahead and click the green arrow just like you would to finish logging on to your computer. This will launch a little yellow dialog box directing you to use your password recovery disk.
Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Top Ten Tips To Improve System Speed
1.Let your PC boot up completely before opening any applications.
2.Refresh the desktop after closing any application. This will remove any unused files from the RAM.
3.Do not set very large file size images as your wallpaper. Do not keep a wallpaper at all if your PC is low on RAM (less than 64 MB).
4.Do not clutter your Desktop with a lot of shortcuts. Each shortcut on the desktop uses up to 500 bytes of RAM
5.Empty the recycle bin regularly. The files are not really deleted from your hard drive until you empty the recycle bin.
6.Delete the temporary internet files regularly.
7.Defragment your hard drive once every two months. This will free up a lot of space on your hard drive and rearrange the files so that your applications run faster.
8.Always make two partitions in your hard drive. Install all large Softwares (like PSP, Photoshop, 3DS Max etc) in the second partition. Windows uses all the available empty space in C drive as virtual memory when your Computer RAM is full. Keep the C Drive as empty as possible.
9.When installing new Softwares disable the option of having a tray icon. The tray icons use up available RAM, and also slow down the booting of your PC. Also disable the option of starting the application automatically when the PC boots. You can disable these options later on also from the Tools or preferences menu in your application.
10. Protect your PC from dust. Dust causes the CPU cooling fan to jam and slow down thereby gradually heating your CPU and affecting the processing speed. Use compressed air to blow out any dust from the CPU. Never use vacuum.
RAM IS THE WORKING AREA (DESKTOP) OF THE CPU, KEEP IT AS EMPTY AND UNCLUTTERED AS POSSIBLE!
2.Refresh the desktop after closing any application. This will remove any unused files from the RAM.
3.Do not set very large file size images as your wallpaper. Do not keep a wallpaper at all if your PC is low on RAM (less than 64 MB).
4.Do not clutter your Desktop with a lot of shortcuts. Each shortcut on the desktop uses up to 500 bytes of RAM
5.Empty the recycle bin regularly. The files are not really deleted from your hard drive until you empty the recycle bin.
6.Delete the temporary internet files regularly.
7.Defragment your hard drive once every two months. This will free up a lot of space on your hard drive and rearrange the files so that your applications run faster.
8.Always make two partitions in your hard drive. Install all large Softwares (like PSP, Photoshop, 3DS Max etc) in the second partition. Windows uses all the available empty space in C drive as virtual memory when your Computer RAM is full. Keep the C Drive as empty as possible.
9.When installing new Softwares disable the option of having a tray icon. The tray icons use up available RAM, and also slow down the booting of your PC. Also disable the option of starting the application automatically when the PC boots. You can disable these options later on also from the Tools or preferences menu in your application.
10. Protect your PC from dust. Dust causes the CPU cooling fan to jam and slow down thereby gradually heating your CPU and affecting the processing speed. Use compressed air to blow out any dust from the CPU. Never use vacuum.
RAM IS THE WORKING AREA (DESKTOP) OF THE CPU, KEEP IT AS EMPTY AND UNCLUTTERED AS POSSIBLE!
Sunday, August 23, 2009
Keyboard Shortcuts for Ubuntu
For those who are not familiar with Linux, Ubuntu is one of the most popular and most widely used Linux distributions.
1. Switch to the next/previous workspace
If you make use of the workspace very frequently, you can easily switch between different workspaces by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow. The Left key brings you to the previous workspace while the Right key brings you to the next adjacent. If you have enabled Compiz, you can even get it to show all the workspace by pressing Super + E on the keyboard.
2. Move the current window to another workspace
By pressing Shift+ Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow, you can easily move your current window to another workspace in the specified direction. This keyboard shortcut works very well with the one mentioned above. If you have the habit of opening many applications/windows when doing your work, but don’t like to see your desktop and menubar cluttered with all the application windows, you can use this shortcut key to move your applications to another workspace and get your desktop organized.
3. Show the desktop
Ctrl + Alt + D enables you to quickly minimize all windows and give focus to the desktop. When all windows are minimized, this shortcut can also maximize all the windows to their previous state.
4. Keyboard shortcut for the mouse right-click
In most applications, you can always right-click on the mouse to access the options menu. On the keyboard, you can simply press Shift + F10 to achieve this ‘right-click‘ effect
5. Restart session and recover from crashes
There are very few instances where Ubuntu will crash totally. But if it does, you can press Ctrl + Alt + Backspace to restart the session, and 90% of the time, it will recover from the crashes.
6. Lock the screen quickly
If you need to leave your workstation for a while, you can quickly lock up your screen by pressing Ctrl + Alt + L and prevent unauthorized access by others.
7. Switch between windows in the reverse direction
Alt + Tab is a common shortcut key that allow you to switch between open windows. But do you know that by including the ‘Shift‘ button, you can reverse the windows switching direction? This is useful when you press Alt + Tab too fast and passed the window that you want to switch to. Simply press down the ‘Shift‘ button to go back to the previous window in the switch cycle.
8. Move windows with arrow keys
Press Alt+F7 to activate the Move window function and use any arrows key (up, down, left, right) to move the window around the screen.
9. Show hidden files
Most of the time, you won’t need to view the hidden files in your home folder, but in the event that you need to, you can press Ctrl + H inside the Nautilus (the file manager for Ubuntu) to show all hidden files.
10. Show file properties without right-clicking the mouse
The conventional way to view a file/folder properties is to right-click the mouse and select ‘Properties‘. Now you can just press Alt + Enter to get the Properties window to appear.
1. Switch to the next/previous workspace
If you make use of the workspace very frequently, you can easily switch between different workspaces by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow. The Left key brings you to the previous workspace while the Right key brings you to the next adjacent. If you have enabled Compiz, you can even get it to show all the workspace by pressing Super + E on the keyboard.
2. Move the current window to another workspace
By pressing Shift+ Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow, you can easily move your current window to another workspace in the specified direction. This keyboard shortcut works very well with the one mentioned above. If you have the habit of opening many applications/windows when doing your work, but don’t like to see your desktop and menubar cluttered with all the application windows, you can use this shortcut key to move your applications to another workspace and get your desktop organized.
3. Show the desktop
Ctrl + Alt + D enables you to quickly minimize all windows and give focus to the desktop. When all windows are minimized, this shortcut can also maximize all the windows to their previous state.
4. Keyboard shortcut for the mouse right-click
In most applications, you can always right-click on the mouse to access the options menu. On the keyboard, you can simply press Shift + F10 to achieve this ‘right-click‘ effect
5. Restart session and recover from crashes
There are very few instances where Ubuntu will crash totally. But if it does, you can press Ctrl + Alt + Backspace to restart the session, and 90% of the time, it will recover from the crashes.
6. Lock the screen quickly
If you need to leave your workstation for a while, you can quickly lock up your screen by pressing Ctrl + Alt + L and prevent unauthorized access by others.
7. Switch between windows in the reverse direction
Alt + Tab is a common shortcut key that allow you to switch between open windows. But do you know that by including the ‘Shift‘ button, you can reverse the windows switching direction? This is useful when you press Alt + Tab too fast and passed the window that you want to switch to. Simply press down the ‘Shift‘ button to go back to the previous window in the switch cycle.
8. Move windows with arrow keys
Press Alt+F7 to activate the Move window function and use any arrows key (up, down, left, right) to move the window around the screen.
9. Show hidden files
Most of the time, you won’t need to view the hidden files in your home folder, but in the event that you need to, you can press Ctrl + H inside the Nautilus (the file manager for Ubuntu) to show all hidden files.
10. Show file properties without right-clicking the mouse
The conventional way to view a file/folder properties is to right-click the mouse and select ‘Properties‘. Now you can just press Alt + Enter to get the Properties window to appear.
Saturday, August 22, 2009
How to restrict login hours allowed
To restrict a users logon hours , use the net user command. These commands are used from the Command Prompt. (Start - RUN - and type cmd)
Below are some examples:
1 - net user Joanna /time:M-F,08:00-17:00
2 - net user Ninja /time:M-F,8am-5pm
3 - net user Echelon /time:M,4am-5pm;T,1pm-3pm;W-F,8:00-17:00
4 - net user Shine /time:all (this one means this user can always log on)
Note:You can only restrict when a user can log on to the system. On a stand alone computer, there is no way to force a user to log off when their hours expire, without a third party script or software.
Below are some examples:
1 - net user Joanna /time:M-F,08:00-17:00
2 - net user Ninja /time:M-F,8am-5pm
3 - net user Echelon /time:M,4am-5pm;T,1pm-3pm;W-F,8:00-17:00
4 - net user Shine /time:all (this one means this user can always log on)
Note:You can only restrict when a user can log on to the system. On a stand alone computer, there is no way to force a user to log off when their hours expire, without a third party script or software.
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